R.R. DAMAGE
Unfair usage to a freight, tank or hopper car by a railroad.

R1 FORMS
AAR forms used when any alteration of a car or welding on the tank is required for continued operation.

RACK POINTS
Union Tank Car contracted services for repairs to cars usually at a lessee's plant.

RADIOGRAPH
Film transparency or paper image obtained by development of a sensitized film, after passage of x-rays or gamma rays through an object (e.g. tank welds) to expose the film.

RADIOSCOPY
A nondestructive test method of observing the internal characteristics of objects with x-rays or gamma rays, specifically by using radiographic or fluoroscopic techniques.

RADIOTAPE
A synonym for radiograph or fluorotape.

RADIUS OF CURVATURE
Refers to the minimum radius of a curve in a track that a railcar can negotiate without interference of any car body or truck parts. AAR standards prescribe required minimum radii.

RE-PAD
A reinforcing pad. A plate welded directly to a tank whose function is to enhance the tank's ability to resist a load at that point. Examples are; the bottom tank re-pad between draft sill and tank and the nozzle repad at the base of a top nozzle.

RECONSIGNMENT
A service extended by the railroad to the owner of the freight (shipper, consignee) permitting a change to the waybill in the name of the shipper, consignee, destination, route or other instructions to effect delivery of the car providing no back haul is involved.

REGULATED COMMODITY
Used as a synonym for "Hazardous Material." See "Hazardous Material."

RELEASE ROD
An operating rod extending to each side of a railcar enabling manual release of car air brake pressure.

RENEWAL
Decision to extend a lease arrangement; either at a renegotiated term and rate or under terms previously stipulated by contract.

RENTAL
An agreed amount of money to be paid for the use of leased property, usually stated over a defined term.

RENTAL ABATEMENT
A condition whereby a lessee is not charged rental for a specified period of time. See "Bad Order Credits."

REPAIR
Reconstruction of a tank to its original design.

REPORTING MARKS
The letters preceding the car number uniquely identifying the registered car owner, such as, "UTLX". The "X" usually denotes a private (non-railroad) owner. Although not technically included, the common use of this phrase assumes the car number to be included with the letters.

RESERVOIR
In a car air brake system, the large two-compartment tank that contains compressed air to operate the brake cylinder when the brakes are applied.

RETAINING KEY
See "Side Frame Key."

RETEST
Refers to the requirement to conduct pressure tests on tanks and safety valves according to an AAR mandated schedule.

RETURN BEND
The 180 degree "U" shaped heater coil (pipe) section that connects adjacent runs of a serpentine heater system.

REVENUE BILLING
The freight charge for shipping new railcars prior to first loading or for shipping old railcars to a dismantler.

RIDER
The addendum to the CSA that details the lease terms for specific cars.

RIGHT SIDE (R)
When facing the "B" end of a railcar, the side of the car on the right. See "B" end."

RING
A rolled tank section prior to being attached to a tank head or another tank section.

RIP TRACK
A small car repair facility, often simply a single track in a classification yard or terminal. In larger yards, the rip track may be quite extensive with several tracks and shop buildings. Larger car repair facilities are generally known as "car shops." The name "rip track" is derived from the initials RIP which stand for "repair, inspect and paint."

RIVET
A short cylindrical steel fastener with semi-spherical heads used to connect the parts of a steel structure. Now obsolete for tank car tanks.

ROLLER BEARING
The general term applied to axle bearings that employ hardened steel rollers to reduce rotational friction. Roller bearings are pre-lubricated, sealed assemblies that are hydraulically pressed onto the axles (2 per axle).

ROLLER BEARING ADAPTER
A casting that fits between a freight car roller bearing and the truck side frame to transfer the load from the side frame to the bearing.

ROLLER BEARING KEY
See "Side Frame Key."

ROLLERS (SHOP)
Device used to roll tanks to a position that facilitates the building or repair operation.

ROLLOVER
A lease term provision which allows a lease to continue for a certain term (usually the same period as the initial minimum rental period) (CF) (see Rollover Type) unless notice of cancellation is timely received.

ROLLOVER TYPES (A,B,C,D,E)
The last character of the lease term on the FCR. 
A: 12 months, B: 24 months, C: 36 months, D: 48 months, and E: 60 months.

ROOF HAND HOLD
See "Grab Iron."

ROOF RIDGE
On a pitched roof, the intersection of the two plane surfaces along the peak, generally at the longitudinal center line of the car (covered hopper cars).

ROOF SHEET
The relatively thin steel sheet that is used in fabricating roof sections for covered hopper cars.

ROPING STAPLE
A steel bracket sometimes attached to the sides of a railcar (usually at the bolster) to provide a place for attaching a car puller hook. Union Tank Car has chosen to provide a hole in the car body bolster web to serve this purpose.

ROUGHENED CORROSION
Generalized corrosion through the tank with no particular pattern.

RUBBER SPIDER
The all rubber siphon pipe guide used in rubber lined tank cars (commonly cars hauling hydrochloric acid).

RULE 88B
Truck Inspection

RULES
The AAR Code of Interchange Rules.

RUNNING BOARD
A surface or walkway on cars to permit access to hatches, manways, or doors, or to facilitate moving on or over the equipment.

RUNNING GEAR
A general term used to describe the group of parts whose functions are related to movement of the car. Running gear includes the wheels, axles, bearings, suspensions system and other components of the trucks.

RUNNING REPAIRS
A term describing itemized standard repairs performed and billed by the railroads in accordance with the Interchange Rules.

RUPTURE DISC
See "Frangible Disc."

RUST BLOOM
A light discoloration appearing on the interior metal surfaces of a railcar. This normally occurs within 48 hours after the interior is blasted, unless a special effort to dry the interior has been made.